Emergency Contraception: A Comprehensive Guide to Safe and Effective Use
Introduction
Emergency contraception is an option for preventing pregnancy after unprotected sex or when the contraceptive method used fails, such as a condom breaking or forgetting to take birth control pills. However, emergency contraception is not a regular method of contraception and has a specific way of use to achieve maximum effectiveness and reduce the risk of unwanted side effects. This article provides comprehensive information on the correct use of emergency contraception, including the types of emergency contraception, mechanism of action, how to use, precautions, and frequently asked questions. So that you have the correct knowledge and understanding and can make appropriate decisions about using emergency contraception.
Types of Emergency Contraception and Mechanism of Action
Combined Hormonal Emergency Contraceptive Pills
This type of emergency contraceptive pill contains high doses of estrogen and progestin, which are synthetic hormones similar to natural female hormones. The main mechanism of action is to inhibit or delay ovulation, preventing the egg from leaving the ovary to be fertilized by sperm. In addition, the hormones make the cervical mucus thicker, making it more difficult for sperm to travel through the uterus. And may make the lining of the uterus (endometrium) thinner. Makes it more difficult for the embryo (if fertilization occurs) to implant. Combined hormonal emergency contraception is approximately 75-89% effective in preventing pregnancy if taken within 72 hours of intercourse.
This type of emergency contraceptive pill contains only the synthetic progestin hormone (Levonorgestrel) without estrogen. The main mechanism of action is to inhibit or delay ovulation, similar to combined hormonal emergency contraception. In addition, It makes the cervical mucus thicker. And may affect sperm movement and the function of the fallopian tubes. Progestin-only emergency contraception is more effective than combined hormonal emergency contraception. It is approximately 85-89% effective in preventing pregnancy if taken within 72 hours of intercourse. And it's still somewhat effective if taken within 120 hours (5 days). This type of emergency contraceptive pill is more popular. Because it has fewer side effects.
Ulipristal Acetate is another type of oral emergency contraceptive pill. It works by inhibiting or delaying ovulation as well. But the mechanism of action is slightly different from progestin-only emergency contraceptive pills: Ulipristal Acetate can inhibit ovulation even when LH (Luteinizing Hormone), the hormone that stimulates ovulation, is present. It has already begun to rise. Makes it more effective in preventing pregnancy than progestin-only emergency contraceptive pills. Especially when taken within 120 hours (5 days) after intercourse. This type of emergency contraceptive pill is available under the trade name ellaOne®.
Using Combined Hormonal Emergency Contraceptive Pills
Most combined hormonal emergency contraceptive pills have 2 pills in one pack. Each tablet contains a high amount of estrogen and progestin. How to eat is Take the first pill as soon as possible after unprotected sex. or within 72 hours (3 days) and take the second pill 12 hours after the first pill. However, Some brands of emergency contraceptive pills may have different numbers of pills and how to take them. Therefore, you should read the medicine label and follow the instructions strictly.
Using Progestin-Only Emergency Contraceptive Pills
Most progestin-only emergency contraceptive pills have 1 pill in a pack, or there may be 2 pills, but they should be taken at the same time. How to eat is Take it as soon as possible after unprotected sex. or within 72 hours (3 days), but the sooner you take it. The higher the efficiency. This type of emergency contraceptive pill can be taken up to 120 hours (5 days) after intercourse. But the efficiency decreases over time.
Using Ulipristal Acetate Emergency Contraceptive Pills
Ulipristal Acetate emergency contraceptive pills have 1 pill in a pack. How to eat is Take 1 pill as soon as possible after unprotected sex. or within 120 hours (5 days). This type of emergency contraceptive pill is more effective than progestin-only emergency contraceptive pills. Especially when taken within the specified period.
Side Effects and Precautions When Using Emergency Contraception
Common Side Effects
Common side effects of emergency contraception include nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, fatigue, lower abdominal pain. Breast tenderness And there is spotting in the vagina. These symptoms are usually mild and go away on their own within 1-2 days. If you vomit within 2 hours of taking emergency contraception. You should consult a doctor or pharmacist. Because it may be necessary to take the medicine again.
Emergency contraception should not be used as a regular method of contraception. It should only be used in emergency situations.
If you have allergic reactions to the medicine, such as a rash, difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, swelling of the mouth, you should stop taking the medicine and see a doctor immediately.
If your period is more than 1 week late after taking emergency contraception, you should get a pregnancy test.
Women who are pregnant or suspect they may be pregnant. Emergency contraception should not be used.
People with underlying diseases such as liver disease, vascular disease, or a history of blood clots. You should consult your doctor before using emergency contraception.
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Emergency contraception is an option for preventing pregnancy after unprotected sex or when the contraceptive method used fails, such as a condom breaking or forgetting to take birth control pills. However, emergency contraception is not a regular method of contraception and has a specific way of use to achieve maximum effectiveness and reduce the risk of unwanted side effects. This article provides comprehensive information on the correct use of emergency contraception, including the types of emergency contraception, mechanism of action, how to use, precautions, and frequently asked questions. So that you have the correct knowledge and understanding and can make appropriate decisions about using emergency contraception.
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